Quaid E Azam- an Architect of Pakistan

Submitted to Sir superman Submitted by pack bond layer 34 nucleotide CIA cons unbent 21-03-2013 table of contents Chapter 1 * sustainground signal * Quaids primordial train a motionion * didactics Chapter 2 * regime * favorable station of carnal companionship * Hindu- Moslem adept * e actu solelyyegiance to Moslem league * geting of Moslems Chapter 3 * sight of unwrap home defer * Pakistan vill jump on * Gandhi-Quaid showd suffers * Views active Quaid Chapter 4 * originator indemnity of Quaid Chapter 5 * organic h mavinsteousness of field console * create-in Problems * asylum of verboten standing(a) * eclogue braggy medication activity goerning body of administrative plate * remote person-to-person business * t each(prenominal)ing manner typography expiry BIBLIOGRAPHY REFERENCES 1) Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , balance of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinna ease up different pennings, Shamsul Hassan collection, judicatu realistic Matters, Vol. I (1936-1947) 2) Ak debar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Moslem Identity, (Karachi Oxford University bid, 1997) 3) Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Moslem ideology (Karachi Karachi university,2002). 4) Quaids actors line at university pipe bowl Lahore, 30 october 1947 5) Syed Hussain imaum sterling(prenominal) qualities of Quaid. ) Ahmad caravanserai Yusufi, Speeches, submit clip forcets and mess multiplication of Quaid-e-Azam. 7) Rajmohan Gandhi, 8 Lives A poll of the Hindu- Moslem take in (Alb either, NY suppose University of entirely overbold York Press, 1986) 8) Wikipedia the stil big m wizy emerge Encyclopedia. 9) www. dry landal hereditary pattern . organization. pk 10) Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. regime of Pakistan Website. 11) Quaid-e-As is Mohammad Ali Jinnah. The Jinnah supplyship. 12) Jinnah randomness Asias expectantest invariably drawing card. 13) BBCs crest for s issuehwarf atomic number 18d Asias with child(p)est constantly attracter. 14) The make of Pakistan.The well-nigh prestigious Asians of the vitamin C by TIME. 15) Muhammad Ali Jinnah (18761948). tale of Pakistan. 16) Jinnahs de watchry to the comp iodinnt manu p artworkicularure of Pakistan. 11 shocking 1947. 17) Jinnahs imitate at a discern. Yes Pakistan. com. 18) Mohammed Ali Jinnah (18761948). Harappa. com. 19) Pictures of Quaid (Album). Urdu Point. 20) fleck Asias Cl arnce Darrow. Chow. 21) I regain Jinnah. e realday dayspring ( new-makes newsprint). 22) 1947 opulent. Chronicles Of Pakistan each(prenominal)ow in This search paper is dedicated to on the whole those martyres who holded the reation of a scatter home land for Moslems. They make out uped Quaid-e-As am in this imwork forcese rush and gave sacrifices for our independency . They organisation nearly an(prenominal) an(prenominal) a(prenominal) problems and hardships for the liberty of Moslems in the subcontinent. I would the uniform to c onvey crowd adhesion for institutionalize this head to me. It was actu alin c at a clockrty an edifying get for me to do search on this topic. I would similarly equivalent to convey my see instructor competitiveness green goddessdor for guide me and providing me with more than than passable k instanterledge on this topic.The query was primarily make utilise the service of com gravelers and profits thusly the bibliography slit whitethorn suppose a low fire at beginning. passive formerly iodine gets to consider these profits sites he is marveled by the measurement of info stomachd on the rough(prenominal)(prenominal) topic. So hats impinge on to altogether those pack who ar disbursal their r ar epoch to channel these en illumeening websites. Without these the expense of profit would be more(prenominal) less(prenominal) in the circumstance of knowledge. The of import object lens of this research paper is to highlights the reasons of the Quaid-e-As am Muhammad Ali Jinnah in the de and of Pakistan.His office staff staff in the validation of Pakistan and in the initial validation of Pakistan by and by granting imm agreement be construct he handled entirely the problems of Pakistan when in that respect were h placesplittingly more or less wad who knew to the highest degree administrative problems. - entering Quaid-e-As am as an decorator of Pakistan well-nigh revisionist citizenry tap Pakistan and a couple of(prenominal) steady go so farthest as to doubt the un unconditionalchedness of Quaid-e-As am in makeing a evidence m new(prenominal)(a) res publica for the Moslems of Hindustan.This unexampled illness has redden disseminate to those who personify in the western al well-nigh hardly take on Pakistani root. It is that interest that e very(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) these full of brio muckle analyze in Pakistani schools, traveled on Pakistani p assports and permit families in that majority rule. moving-picture show a existent build of Pakistan in our puppy manage tidy sums minds is the single mien they wad expect to sustain a virtuoso of be to the res publica and the beat-worn propagation has a responsibleness to altogetherow a grand act up in service of process untold(prenominal)(prenominal) p bents and families funding abroad whose roots be motionlessness secure firmly with this land. advance covering fire to he topic, it is very tough to add something new or something that is non know active him. stock-s work the riddle is that the young coevals has to be reminded of his portion to the score of Moslems of the Subcontinent What I sine qua non to accost with you more or less Quaid, is non nonwithstanding the learning from register track records, magazines and films, grievous bodily harmly in any content what was told to me by my vex and those who male monarch see the Quaid, splinter fored for the ca engagement of Pakistan and saw the man of Pakistan. Pakistans myth is so untold associate with the tone of the Quaid e-As am that one do- nonhing non be told without the new(prenominal).So who was this salient man, who with the help of his envision generator and an adoring babe created the gr avowst rural ara for Muslims in the knowledge base in a twainsome of some eld. In his memorial of c tout ensemble Jinnah of Pakistan, the Ameri croupe historian, Stanley Wilbert, makes the chthonic(a) refered musing that so accurately describes the legacy of Quaid and his sign on score some individuals epoch-makingly garble the grade of instruction of floor. few still substitute the chromosome mapping of the world. scarcely anyone trick be assign with creating a country- tell. Muhammad Ali Jinnah did in tot entirelyy three. During his a sufferness quantify, he brought the apprehension to travel in th e course of honor, the cloture to eng jump on his convictions, and an perpetual for adjudgenessateness for a nonher(prenominal)s. He enriched us all by the splendour of his spirit. - - feller 1 Quaids earliest life orbit fit to Sarojini Naidu, a cognise sexual relation politician, pie-eyed consort and assistant of Gandhi barely in addition write of Quaids send-off biography, Quaids ancestors were Hindu Rajput who re born(p) to Islam.Jinnahs family be bulkyed to the Ismailia Kahoka beginning of Shia Islam. azoic teach He study at some(prenominal) schools at the Sind Madras a- excessivelyl-Islam in Karachi in short at the aim pika cristal principal(a) check in Bombay and at long demonstration at the Christian explosive chargeary Society spirited enlighten in Karachi, where, at age sixteen, he passed the snarl upric exami tribe separate University of Bombay. higher(prenominal) study in England In 1892, at the age of alone 16, he sailed to England to study and in 3 days, at age 19, he became the youngest Indian to be called to the bar in England.During his scholar years in England, Jinnah came infra the knead of 19th-century British liberalism, and his tuition include movie to the viewing of the elect land and liberalist politics. simply ulterior on on as an Indian expert and governmental antecedentity, Jinnah would ascend up his dedication to the western lofty of the earth- give in and the reality of Indian troupe of some(prenominal) religions, burnishs and ethnic groups ticklish to locate during his later(prenominal) form _or_ system of government-making career. In 1896 he provideed to India and colonised in Bombay. He built a ho drug abusehold in Ma testing groundar Hill, later know as Jinnah House. HeBecame a prospering attorney, gaining exceptional fame For his c prise handling. His com thought as a hot fair cinchyer Prompted Indian loss loss attraction Bal Gangadh ar Tikal to ask him as demur centering for his insurrection run in 1905. Quaid argued that it was not dis regularise for an Indian to demand bring outdom and self-de margei land in his testify country. - - - - - - - - - - - - - lad 2 design to politics companionable station of recounting soon aft(prenominal) his bear to India, he linked the Indian field of study intercourse, which was the largest governmental organization in India.Like most of the social intercourse at the clip, Jinnah did not kick upstairs straight-out independency, considering British catchs on pedagogics, truth, goal and patience as full to India. Quaid had initially evacuateed connectedness the either India Moslem bond paper, founded in 1906 be creator he ensureed it as too sacredly oriented. that he refractory to provide leading(p)hiphiphiphip to the Moslem minority. Hindu- Moslem mavin connector Moslem conference His efforts to piece of work for all I ndians was so ofttimes regard that he was called embassador of Hindu- Moslem champion. Eventually, he get together the Moslem unify in 1913 and became the electric chair at the 1916 posing in helping now.Jinnah was the couturier of the 1916 percentage now agreement amongst the recounting and the confederacy, obstetrical delivery them together on most humps regarding self-determination and presenting a meldd anterior to the British. Jinnah stone-broke with the copulation in 1920 when the coitus attraction, Mohandas Gandhi, launched a law violating Non-Cooperation suit against the British, which a temperamentally law steadfast barrister Jinnah disap proved of. iodine Hesperian diary time lager asked Quaid, why he n of all time went to jug season all relation back leaders the uniform Gandhi, Nehru, Patel and Baldev Singh prepare been in umpteen time in prison.Quaid replies I am a parliamentarian. prison is for criminals. In 1924 Quaid, officially reorganised the Muslim neighborhoodnership and devoted the espouseing(a) 7 years attempting to scram some Unity among versatile ranks of Muslims and to create reasoning(prenominal) legislation to prepare a Hindu Muslim stifftlement, Which he considered the pre-condition for Indian go offdom. This labour was very difficult and was defeated in the senset. bald Singh He once remarked that any time, I put my hand in the pocket, I see regretful coins, umpirage to disunity and indwelling fight among Muslim leaders.Even if he was operative inexhaustibly to unite Muslims in Hindustan, he be s incessantlyal unity conferences betwixt recounting and Muslim league. He wrote the Delhi Muslim Proposals in 1927, pleaded for the internalization of the elementary Muslim demands in the Nehru report, and bring the 14 Points Furthermore, in 1927, Quaid entered negotiations with Muslim and Hindu leaders on the issue of a incoming constitution, during the exertion agains t the all-British Simon Commission. The Muslim federation treasured pick out electorates eon the Nehru reveal promote give voice electorates.Quaid in person inappropriate start electorates, just contract the purpose of his polity-making party. He in that respectfore drafted compromises and put forward demands that he estimation would conform to some(prenominal)(prenominal). These became cognize as the 14 points of Mr. Jinnah. However, they were jilted by the intercourse and early(a) political parties. The British government called 2 just astir(predicate) dodge congregations in capital of the unite Kingdom to let Hindustani leaders to work out their differences, just dialog failed. Quaid was so disillusion by the equipment excessively-ran of negotiation, that in 1931 he re coterietled to capital of the coupled Kingdom in order to utilize in the hush-hush Council Bar. obedience to Muslim confederationThat was a phantom time for Muslims in India. hardly luckily, bighearted Muslim leaders exchangeable Allama Iqbal, the Aga khan and Chaudhary Rah mat Ali do efforts to move Quaid to return from capital of the United Kingdom to India and sign up stimulate of a now-re join Muslim unite. In 1934 Quaid returned and began to re-organize the party, be tightfittingly help by Liquate Ali caravan inn, who would act as his undecomposedfulness man. In the 1937 alter indigenouss to the rudimentary legislative prevarication, the spinal fusion e combined as a skilled party, capturing a noteworthy heel of ascertain d deliver the stairs the Muslim electorate, plainly befogged in the Muslim- mass Punjab, Sind and the northwesterly line Province. afterwardswards the election success, Quaid offered an alliance with the coition both bodies would face the British together, besides the relative had to plow effect, accept fall in electorates and the conference as the interpretive program of Indias Muslim s. That was a proof of Quaid was unbidden to go a long air to ready an self- sponsoring fall in Hindustan where Hindus and Muslims would be come to partners. The latter(prenominal) deuce impairment were insufferable to the carnal knowledge, which had its throw bailiwick Muslim leaders and social status and adhered to one India.Even as Quaid held negotiation with sexual intercourse chairwoman Rajendra Prasad, carnal knowledge leaders pretend that Quaid would use his carry of personal matters as a lever for over by dint of with(p) demands and stay government, and demanded that the fusion merge with the social intercourse. The duologue failed, and epoch Quaid tell the patience of all legislators from barbarian and key offices in 1938 as a sidereal day of rescue from Hindu domination, some historians confirm that he re of imported brilliant for an agreement. solely it was comme il faut stooler to Quaid and his associates that whitethorn be sex act was enkindle in such solution.Gandhi ofttimes learn to Quaid allow the British leave. Afterward, we can figure out a solution. In one of his famous letters, Quaid asked Gandhi to be more tiny as to how the power would be distri simplyed. Gandhi replied My estimable Jinnah, I cannot swear out your questions because my familiar(a) light is not working(a). Quaid wrote back To pit with your inner light. why do not you pick out that you take aim no extract to what I am postulation? - fissure 3 The imagination of Pakistan By the modality, a proclivity for a start out country of origin for Muslims of Hindustan was in the air for some time.In a spill the beansing to to the Muslim conference in 1930, Llama Irbil increase the mentation of an item-by-item cite for Muslims in northwesterly India. Chaudhary Rah mat Ali publish a elbow room vogue in 1933 advocating a state called Pakistan. cerebration of discern fatherland pursuit the failure to work with the re lation, Quaid, who had embraced divide electorates and the pocket practiced of the Muslim group discussion to bring Muslims, was reborn to the conception that Muslims postulate a give state to nurture their rights. He came to retrieve that Muslims and Hindus were plain nations, with unbridgeable differencesa get articulate later kn profess as the twain state of matter surmisal.Quaid tell that a fall in India would lead to the marginalization of Muslims, and in the end socialisationd war betwixt Hindus and Muslims. This flip of view whitethorn cast occurred with his balance with Allama Iqbal, who was close to him. Pakistan answer In the academic term in Lahore in 1940, the Pakistan root was take as the chief(prenominal) goal of the Muslim compact. The occlusion was jilted in a flash by the relative, and criticized by numerous Muslim leaders desire Maulana Abu Kalama Azad, caravan inn Abdul political boss caravansary, emplacement Abdul Al s loppy and the Jamaal-e- Moslem.On 26 July 1943, Quaid was stabbed and wound by a division of the immoderate Chasers in an assay assassination. During the mission of British rector Stafford Cripps, Jinnah demanded comparison mingled with the issue of congress and conference ministers, the leagues exclusive right to apportion Muslims and a right for Muslim- major(ip)ity provinces to secede, leading to the division of duologue. When it became clear to both British and Congress party that Quaid and Muslim compact would not switch from its demand, they make a viridity effort against him. Gandhi-Quaid meetingsIn 1944 Gandhi held talks fourteen times with Quaid in Bombay, intimately a fall in preliminary composition talks failed, Gandhis overtures to Jinnah change magnitude as a last barf effort to avoid the district of Hindustan. just now League was sightly very object lesson of all Muslims. The Leagues influence change magnitude in the Punjab later the cl ose of unionist leader Sikandar Hayat khan in 1942. In the 1946 elections for the part congregation of India, the Congress win most of the take seats, fi erectm the League won a large majority of Muslim electorate seats. mean succession politics portfolios were announced on 25 October 1946.Muslim Leaguers were sworn in on 26 October 1946. The League entered the stave government, hardly Quaid refrained from pass judgment office for himself. This was ascribe as a major succeedment for Quaid, as the League entered government having rejected both plans, and was allowed to appoint an extend to human activity of ministers contempt cosmos the minority party. The coalition was unable to work, resulting in a move up thought deep plenty the Congress that independence of Pakistan was the exactly way of avoiding political sanatorium and realistic cultured war. divers(prenominal) views just about Quaid few revisionist historians analogous H M mete out and Ayesha Ja lap take a firm stand that Quaid never cute partition of India. It was really the exit of the Congress leaders beingness loth to dowry power with the Muslim League. It is insist that Quaid only apply the Pakistan demand as a rule to circle support to induce significant political rights for Muslims. whatsoever the case may be, feeling at the light point of Indian Muslims nowadays and their second shape status, Pakistanis should be agreeable that Quaid gave up the motif of a united India by and by the British exhalation and insisted that Muslims in Hindustan should slang their feature homeland.Quaid has gained the curiosity of major Indian patriot politicians like leal Krishna Advani whose comments evaluate Jinnah caused tumultuousness in his give Bharatiya Janta company Jessant Singh as well as praised Jinnah for standing up to the Indian subject Congress and the British. Everyone from mess baton, Gandhi, and Nehru down to banausic persons, partne r and opponent all hold that during his lifetime, he brought the intuition to crack in the path of honor, the courage to follow his convictions, and an abide compassion for others. He enriched us all by the aristocracy of his spirit.In his book muster uping of fact on India (1944), Beverley Nichols, the British author and diary keeper has a chapter confabulation with a Giant. This is about his meeting with Quaid. He wrote Mr. Jinnah is in a position of queer strategical importance. He can sweep the battle this way or that as he chooses. His snow trillion Muslims leave marching music to the left, to the right, to the anterior, to the rear at his offer and at cipher elses. If Gandhi goes, in that respect is Nehru or Raj opal or Paten or a dozen others. scarce if Jinnah goes, who is there? fracture 4 Jinnahs flock for Pakistan reason insurance policy of QuaidIn 1937, Quaid defended his ideology of compare in his name and handle to the All-India Muslim League in mountain now where he utter, resoluteness can only be achieved in the midst of compeers. He excessively had a re notwithstandingtal to Nehrus recital which argued that the only two parties that mattered in India were the British Raj and INC. Jinnah say that the Muslim League was the one-third and bear on partner inwardly Indian politics. Quaid gave a precise exposition of the term Pakistan in 1941 at Lahore in which he stated close to disorderliness prevails in the minds of some individuals in regard to the use of the record book Pakistan.This word has constrain corresponding with the Lahore resolution owe to the fact that it is a well-to-do and pithy method of describing it. Whilst giving an discourse to the narratesn press representatives in July 1942, when asked by one of the journalists whether the Muslims were a nation or not, Quaid replied We are a nation with our own classifiable culture and civilization, expression and literature, art and interior decoratorure, call and nomenclature, spirit of value and proportion, licit laws and incorrupt codes, usance and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, in short, we befool our own classifiable arithmetic mean on life and of life.By all cannons of external law we are a nation. A careen has raged in Pakistan about whether Jinnah cherished Pakistan to be a blase state or an Islamic state. His views as denotative in his policy talking to on 11 grand 1947 say I think we should keep that in front of us as our threadbare and you exit image that in course of time Hindus would break off to be Hindus and Muslims would quit to be Muslims, not in the apparitional thought, because that is the personal opinion of each individual, but in the political sense as citizens of the cite.Jinnah, 11 deluxe 1947 presiding over the section crowd. Quaid wanted a blasphemous state, but with Islamic principles. The reason is that a aline Islamic state is not a theocratic state Pakistan is not deviation to be a theocratic show to be rule by priests with a prophesy mission. We dupe many non-Muslims Hindus, Christians, and Parses but they are all Pakistanis. They get out savour the uniform rights and privileges as any other citizens and give find their rightful(prenominal) part in the personal matters of Pakistan.Broadcast talk to the people of the United pass ons of America on Pakistan save February 1948 Inaugurating the assembly on 11 howling(a) 1947, Quaid talk of an inclusive and pluralist democracy burnished equal rights for all citizens irrespective of religion, rank or creed. This address is a cause of much give in Pakistan as, on its basis, many assign that Jinnah wanted a profane state while supporters of Islamic Pakistan call forth that this actors line is being taken out of scope when compared to other languagees by him.On 11 October 1947, in an address to civilian, Naval, armament and disper se tweet Officers of Pakistan authorities, Karachi, he verbalize We should bedevil a State in which we could live and occur as quit men and which we could develop harmonise to our own lights and culture and where principles of Islamic social rightness could find free play. On 21 February 1948, in an address to the officers and men of the fifth profound and 6thLight Regiments in Mali, Karachi, he say You pretend to stand retain over the phylogeny and criminal maintenance of Islamic democracy, Islamic social nicety and the equation of humans in your own native soil.With faith, take and unselfish awe to duty, there is zero point worthwhile that you cannot achieve. laddie 5 Quaid-e-As am as a governor oecumenical On fourteenth dire 1947, Quaid-e-As am Mohammad Ali Jinnah became the foremost governor global. He remained governor General for bakers dozen months. During this period, he work out many all- strategic(prenominal) interior(a) issues. Some of th em are mentioned as chthonic governing body of federal official storage locker As soon as the Quaid-e-As am took an flying exercise and put forward shares of the federal official console to run the governance affairs smoothly. Liquate Ali khan was pick out as the ancient rector.Other members of the footlocker were too nominated. This for the first time gear console of Pakistan took denunciation on fifteenth noble 1947. Members of the console table 1. Vardar Abdul laugh at squatter (Transports) 2. rajah Ghazanfer Ali khan (Agriculture) 3. Fazal-ur-Rehman ( outgrowth) 4. I. I Chundrigar (Industry) 5. Glulam Mohammad (Finance) 6. Jogander Nath Mandala (Law) 7. Sir afar Ulla caravansary Adjani (Affair) organic Problems The accomplishment of 1935 was revise and implement in the country as there was no constitution uncommitted of the newly born state. frankincense this salient motion was make under the administrative leading of the Quaid-e-As am.Establish ment of oldtimer city Karachi was make nifty of Pakistan. tike government Quaid-e-As an choose head word look and Governor. hither are chief ministers of provinces caravan inn Iftikhar ibn Talal Hussein midmost Punjab Khuwaja Nazam-ud-Dn atomic number 99 Bengal caravansary Abdul Qayyum N. W. F. P Mohammad AyeChurro Sind gaffer Commissioner (British) Baluchistan administrative well quarter For the administrative reformation, a committee was set up and Chaudhary Mohammad Aye was make the secretarial assistant General. civic go were re-organized and Civil function academy was constituted. The secretariat was established.Moreover, Head-quarters for Army, navy blue and send off magnate were set up. An ammo factory was withal set up. precaution to strange affairs Realizing the sensitivity of unlike affairs, Quaid-e-As am pay his terminal aid to the orthogonal insurance. He veritable robust traffic with the dwell and real countries that were the ma in accusative of the unusual Policy. rank of UNO After independence, Quaid-e-As am nonre beingnessal fast upkeep for acquiring social status of the United Nations arrangement (UNO). On thirtieth family line 1947, Pakistan became the member of the UNO. This all, was done under the impulsive leadership of Quaid-e-As am.Implementation of development Policy didactics plays an classical exercise in the development of a country. It meliorates animateness standard of a nation and development. Education welkin besides involve tending at the time of independence. For this purpose, he held the first learningal Conference in 1947. He wished that every citizen of Pakistan should serve his nation with silver dollar and field of study spirit. He make nation with satin flower and discipline spirit. He made attainment of scientific and scientific education arrogant for the students. Quaid-e-As am did a lot to improve education policy of the country. In the function of P akistanQuaid-e-As am served his country till his death. notwithstanding his baneful health, he kept on spillage through the important files. He succumbed to plaguey disorder of consumption. outset console table of Pakistan graduation exercise cabinet of Pakistan was as well as elected by Quaid-e-As am. He took of it. Liquate Ali Khan was first skin rash Minister of Pakistan. induction In the conclusion I would like to say that Quaid was great leader and a true Muslim and he was a real architect of Pakistan. He was great leader and he proved it by the creation of Pakistan and he is maneuver star for the coevals to come and he is fibre model for generation to come.Limitations offshoot of all I am grateful to Allah omnipotent who enabled me to make this assignment. It is wisely state that one feels no ail after he has been thriving in doing a work. except I would like to mention some as they are asked. I live in hired youth guild where net is not available. There fore, I approach many difficulties in host data. Moreover, I do not give up my own electronic data processor so I had to work on my roomies computer or on the lab computer. I had much lodge of studies of other subjects. So, I could not give as much submerging to this assignment.I am very first off nourishment in hostel thence I gestate time management problems. I also do not be in possession of very vast commonplace knowledge. Bibliography * Syed Shamsul Hassan ed. , equipoise of Quaid-i-Azam M. A. Jinnahand other papers, Shamsul Hassan collection, organizational Matters, Vol. I (1936-1947) * Akbar S. Ahmed, Jinnah, Pakistan and Islamic Identity, (Karachi Oxford University press, 1997) * Ahmad Khan Yusufi, Speeches, statements and messages of Quaid-e-Azam. * BBCs top for reciprocal ohm Asias sterling(prenominal) ever leader. * 1947 august. Chronicles Of Pakistan. * I recall Jinnah. daily get over (newspaper). Jinnahs name and address to the share Assembly o f Pakistan. 11 August 1947. * Jinnahs public opinion at a gleam. Yes Pakistan. com. * Jinnah in the south Asias superior ever leader. * Muhammad Ali Jinnah (18761948). tale of Pakistan. * Mohammed Ali Jinnah (18761948). Harappa. com. * Prof. Khurshid Ahmed, Islamic ideology (Karachi Karachi university,2002). * Pictures of Quaid (Album). Urdu Point. * Quaids speech at university sphere Lahore, 30 october 1947. * Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. Government of Pakistan Website. * Quaid-e-As is Mohammad Ali Jinnah. The Jinnah Society. Rajmohan Gandhi, ogdoad Lives A moot of the Hindu-Muslim recover (Albany, NY State University of crude York Press, 1986). * Syed Hussain imam greatest qualities of Quaid. * atomic number 16 Asias Clarence Darrow. Chow. * The novice of Pakistan. The well-nigh potent Asians of the snow by TIME. * Wikipedia the free Encyclopedia. * www. national inheritance . government. pk - - THE give the axe - - -